Kink Talk – What is HIV?
HIV
HIV is the human immunodeficiency virus, a virus that weakens the immune system, is very treatable today and can be prevented with condoms, PrEP and PEP.
What is HIV?
HIV is short for “human immunodeficiency virus”, a name scientists agreed on in the mid-1980s because the virus weakens the body’s immune defences. Without treatment it slowly damages the immune system, and the late stage is called AIDS, “acquired immunodeficiency syndrome”. Today’s antiviral treatment stops the virus from multiplying, and people with HIV can live long, normal lives. With treatment, the amount of virus in the blood drops so low that tests can’t detect it. Then HIV can’t be passed on through sex. This is called U=U, undetectable equals untransmittable. The biggest problem left is often stigma, not the virus.
How do you get HIV?
HIV passes on through blood, semen, pre-cum, vaginal fluid, rectal fluid and breast milk, most often during anal or vaginal sex without a condom or PrEP, or by sharing needles. Oral sex carries a very low risk. Kissing, hugging, sharing a glass or a toilet seat can’t transmit it. Condoms and PrEP protect very well, and a partner on effective treatment can’t pass it on. If something went wrong, like a broken condom, PEP can still prevent an infection. Start it as soon as possible, at the latest within 72 hours, via a doctor or a hospital emergency room.
When should you get tested for HIV?
Get tested after a possible risk, and regularly if you have new or several partners. A lab test reliably rules out HIV six weeks after the risk, rapid tests and self-tests after twelve weeks. Some people get flu-like symptoms with fever, rash or swollen glands a few weeks after infection, but many notice nothing for years. You can get tested at a doctor’s office, a sexual health clinic or a local health office, often for free and anonymously. A positive result today means treatment, not a death sentence.