Kink Talk – What do the key sexual health terms mean?
Sexual Health Terms
Sexual health terms cover sexually transmitted infections like chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, herpes, HPV and HIV, other genital infections like yeast infections and bacterial vaginosis, and the tools that protect you, such as testing, PrEP, PEP and U=U.
Why know these terms?
Many STIs cause no symptoms, so you can have one without knowing. Understanding the words makes it easier to talk about tests with a partner, read your results and know which infections are curable, like chlamydia or syphilis, and which are treatable but stay, like herpes or HIV.
When should you get tested or see a doctor?
Get tested regularly if you have new or several partners, and see a doctor promptly with symptoms like discharge, sores, burning or pain. Mind the window period, since some tests only become reliable weeks after contact. After a possible HIV exposure, ask about PEP right away, at the latest within 72 hours.
What do the key sexual health terms mean?
20Bacterial Vaginosis
Bacterial vaginosis is a common vaginal condition in which the usual protective bacteria are outnumbered by others, often causing thin greyish discharge and a fishy smell, though it’s not an STI.
Chlamydia
Chlamydia is a very common bacterial STI that often causes no symptoms, can affect the genitals, rectum and throat, and is easy to cure with antibiotics.
Gonorrhea
Gonorrhea is a bacterial STI, also called the clap, that can infect the genitals, throat and rectum, often without symptoms, and is curable with antibiotics.
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is a liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus, spread through blood, semen and vaginal fluids, often without symptoms and preventable with a safe vaccine.
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis C is a liver infection caused by the hepatitis C virus, spread mainly through blood, often silent for years and curable for most people with modern antiviral treatment.
Herpes
Herpes is a very common viral infection caused by the herpes simplex virus that leads to cold sores or genital blisters and can be managed well but not cured.
HIV
HIV is the human immunodeficiency virus, a virus that weakens the immune system, is very treatable today and can be prevented with condoms, PrEP and PEP.
HPV
HPV is the human papillomavirus, a very common sexually transmitted virus that usually clears on its own but can cause genital warts and some cancers, and is preventable by vaccine.
Mpox
Mpox is a viral infection that causes a rash or blisters and fever, spreads through close skin-to-skin contact including sex, and can be prevented with a vaccine.
Mycoplasma Genitalium
Mycoplasma genitalium is a sexually transmitted bacterium that can cause symptoms similar to chlamydia, often causes no symptoms at all and is treated with antibiotics.
PEP
PEP is emergency HIV medicine taken after a possible exposure, started as soon as possible and no later than 72 hours, then taken for 28 days.
PrEP
PrEP is a prescription medicine that HIV-negative people take to prevent HIV, very effective when taken as prescribed but with no protection against other STIs.
Pubic Lice
Pubic lice are tiny insects that live in pubic and other coarse body hair, cause itching and spread through close body contact, usually during sex.
STI
STI stands for sexually transmitted infection, any infection caused by bacteria, viruses or parasites that can pass from one person to another during sex or close intimate contact.
STI Testing
STI Testing means regular tests for sexually transmitted infections such as HIV, syphilis, chlamydia and gonorrhea, a routine part of responsible sex for anyone with partners.
Syphilis
Syphilis is a bacterial STI that usually starts with a painless sore, can affect the whole body if untreated and is curable with antibiotics, especially when caught early.
Trichomoniasis
Trichomoniasis is a common sexually transmitted infection caused by a tiny parasite, often without symptoms, easy to test for and curable with a short course of medication.
U=U
U=U stands for “undetectable equals untransmittable”, meaning people with HIV whose viral load stays undetectable thanks to effective treatment don’t pass HIV on through sex.
Window Period
The window period is the time between a possible exposure to an infection and the point when a test can reliably detect it, so earlier tests may give false negatives.
Yeast Infection
A yeast infection is a common fungal infection, usually caused by Candida yeast, that affects the vulva and vagina or the penis and causes itching, burning, redness and discharge.