Orientations & Identities – What does heteronormativity mean?
Heteronormativity
Heteronormativity is the assumption that heterosexuality is the normal, default way to be, built into culture, laws and everyday expectations about relationships, sex and gender.
What does heteronormativity mean?
Heteronormativity combines “hetero”, from the Greek for other or different, with “norm”. Social theorist Michael Warner made the term popular in 1991. It means treating heterosexuality as the normal, default way to be, while everything else counts as a deviation. It usually comes with fixed ideas about gender too: two genders, masculine men, feminine women and couples made of one of each. That’s why heteronormativity and cisnormativity often go hand in hand.
What are examples of heteronormativity?
Asking a woman if she has a boyfriend, forms with only “mother” and “father”, or asking a gay couple “Who’s the man in your relationship?” It also shapes sex: the idea that “real” sex means penis-in-vagina intercourse and everything else is just foreplay. That leaves out queer couples and ignores what many straight couples enjoy most.
Is heteronormativity the same as homophobia?
No. Homophobia is open hostility toward lesbian, gay and bi people. Heteronormativity is quieter: assumptions that often come without any bad intent. Still, it makes queer people feel invisible and forces them to come out again and again. Using open words like “partner” and not guessing someone’s orientation are easy ways to avoid it.