Orientations & Identities – What does third gender mean?
Third Gender
Third gender describes gender categories beyond woman and man that many cultures recognise, such as the hijra in South Asia, and legal options like Germany’s “divers” entry.
What does third gender mean?
Third gender is an umbrella term for social or legal categories outside woman and man. Many cultures have recognised such roles for centuries, long before Western words like non-binary existed. Examples include the hijra in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh, the fa’afafine in Samoa and the muxe in southern Mexico. Each has its own history, meaning and place in society, so they shouldn’t be lumped together or copied as a trend.
Is third gender the same as non-binary?
Not quite. Non-binary is a modern, mostly Western umbrella for people whose gender is not only woman or man. Third gender often refers to specific, long-standing roles in a particular culture, with their own rituals and communities. Some non-binary people relate to the idea, others feel that “third” wrongly suggests there are exactly 3 options.
Is there a third gender option in Germany?
Yes. Since the end of 2018, “divers” has been a legal gender entry in Germany, after a ruling by the Federal Constitutional Court. You can also leave the entry blank. Since the Self-Determination Act took effect in November 2024, anyone can choose “divers” or no entry by declaration at the registry office, without a medical certificate.