Orientations & Identities – Which LGBTQ+ terms should you know?
LGBTQ+ Terms
LGBTQ+ terms are the everyday words of queer life, from the letters in LGBTQIA+ and coming out to pronouns, allies, chosen family and Pride, plus German laws and markers like the Self-Determination Act and “divers”.
What does LGBTQ+ stand for?
LGBTQ+ stands for lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and queer or questioning. The plus keeps room for everyone the letters don’t name, like intersex, asexual and nonbinary people. Longer versions like LGBTQIA+ spell some of them out. Words like ally, coming out or heteronormativity describe how queer life works day to day, and they’re useful for everyone, queer or not.
Which LGBTQ+ terms are specific to Germany?
Since the end of 2018, “divers” has been an official third gender option in Germany, after a ruling by the Federal Constitutional Court. The Self-Determination Act, in force since November 2024, lets adults change their gender entry and first name with a declaration at the registry office, without medical reports. Pride is mostly called CSD here, after Christopher Street in New York. Same-sex marriage has been legal since 2017, and conversion therapy is partly banned and punishable.
Which LGBTQ+ terms should you know?
41Achillean
Achillean is an umbrella word for men and non-binary people who are attracted to men, whether they are gay, bi, pan or queer.
Ally
An ally is someone outside a group, most often a straight or cis person, who actively supports LGBTQIA+ people and their rights.
Amatonormativity
Amatonormativity is the widespread assumption that everyone wants a romantic, exclusive relationship and that such a relationship is more valuable than friendship, singlehood or other ways of living.
Asexual
Asexual, or ace, describes people who feel little or no sexual attraction to others.
Bi Erasure
Bi Erasure is when bisexuality is ignored, denied or explained away, for example by treating bi people as confused, as secretly gay or straight, or as just going through a phase.
Bisexual
Bisexual means being attracted to more than one gender. Not necessarily 50/50, not necessarily at the same time, and not necessarily in the same way.
Chosen Family
Chosen Family means the close friends and companions you choose to treat as family, offering the support, belonging and care that relatives by blood or law may not provide.
Cisgender
Cisgender, often shortened to cis, describes people whose gender identity matches the sex they were assigned at birth.
Cisnormativity
Cisnormativity is the assumption that everyone is cisgender, meaning their gender matches the sex assigned at birth, which treats trans and non-binary people as exceptions or leaves them out entirely.
Coming Out
Coming out is telling others about your sexual orientation or gender identity, often step by step, to friends, family, partners or colleagues, at your own pace.
Conversion Therapy
Conversion Therapy refers to harmful practices that try to change, suppress or “cure” someone’s sexual orientation or gender identity, rejected by medical bodies worldwide and partly banned in Germany.
CSD
CSD, short for Christopher Street Day, is the common German name for Pride, the parades, parties and demonstrations that celebrate LGBTQ+ people and stand up for their rights.
Divers (Gender Marker)
Divers is Germany’s third official gender entry besides female and male, introduced in 2018, which people can choose in the civil register if neither binary option fits them.
Gay
Gay means being attracted to people of the same gender. It’s used most often by men who like men, but plenty of women and nonbinary people use it too.
Gender Binary
The Gender Binary is the idea that there are only two separate, opposite genders, male and female, and that everyone fits into one of them based on their body at birth.
Gender Expression
Gender expression is how you show your gender outwardly, through clothes, hair, makeup, voice, body language and behaviour, whatever your gender identity is.
Gender Identity
Gender identity is your inner sense of your own gender, whether that is man, woman, both, neither or something else, regardless of the sex you were assigned at birth.
Heteronormativity
Heteronormativity is the assumption that heterosexuality is the normal, default way to be, built into culture, laws and everyday expectations about relationships, sex and gender.
Homophobia & Transphobia
Homophobia and transphobia are hostility, prejudice and discrimination against gay, lesbian, bi and queer people or against trans people, from slurs and jokes to exclusion and violence.
In the Closet
In the closet describes someone who isn’t open about their sexual orientation or gender identity, either with everyone or with certain people like family or colleagues.
Internalized Homophobia
Internalized homophobia is when queer people absorb society’s negative messages about homosexuality and turn them against themselves, as shame, self-doubt or rejection of their own desires.
Intersex
Intersex describes people born with sex characteristics, such as chromosomes, hormones or anatomy, that don’t fit typical definitions of male or female.
Lesbian
Lesbian describes women who are attracted to women. Some nonbinary people with a connection to womanhood use it too.
LGBTQIA+
LGBTQIA+ is an umbrella abbreviation for lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, queer, intersex and asexual people, with the plus standing for further identities the letters don’t spell out.
MSM & WSW
MSM & WSW stand for men who have sex with men and women who have sex with women, health terms that describe behaviour rather than identity.
Mx.
Mx. is a gender-neutral title, usually pronounced “mix” or “mux”, used instead of Mr., Mrs. or Ms. by non-binary people and anyone who prefers not to signal their gender.
Neopronouns
Neopronouns are newly created pronouns, such as xe/xem, ze/hir, ey/em or fae/faer, that some people, often non-binary, use for themselves instead of he, she or they.
Non-Binary
Non-binary describes people whose gender is not only man or woman, but both, neither, somewhere in between or something else entirely.
Outing
Outing is revealing someone’s sexual orientation, gender identity or trans history to others without their consent, a violation of privacy that can put people at serious risk.
Pinkwashing
Pinkwashing is when companies, brands or states present themselves as LGBTQ+ friendly to polish their image, sell products or distract from criticism, without backing it up with real support.
Pride
Pride is the LGBTQIA+ movement for visibility, equal rights and self-acceptance, and the parades, festivals and events that celebrate it every year, especially in June.
Pronouns
Pronouns are the words people use for you instead of your name, like she, he or they, and they usually reflect your gender identity.
Queer
Queer is an umbrella word for anyone who isn’t straight or isn’t cisgender.
Questioning
Questioning describes anyone exploring their orientation who hasn’t landed on a label yet, or isn’t sure they want one.
Romantic Orientation
Romantic orientation describes who you fall in love with, as opposed to who you want to have sex with.
Sapphic
Sapphic is an umbrella word for women and non-binary people who are attracted to women, whether they are lesbian, bi, pan or queer.
Self-Determination Act
The Self-Determination Act is a German law in force since November 2024 that lets trans, intersex and non-binary people change their gender entry and first names by simple declaration at the registry office.
Sexual Orientation
Sexual orientation is who you are sexually attracted to, if anyone, for example people of another gender, the same gender, several genders or no one.
Split Attraction Model
The split attraction model is the idea that sexual and romantic attraction can be separate, so someone might be asexual but biromantic, or bisexual but heteroromantic.
Trans
Trans describes people whose gender identity differs from the sex they were assigned at birth, including trans women, trans men and many non-binary people.
WLW & MLM
WLW & MLM stand for “women loving women” and “men loving men”, inclusive umbrella terms for same-gender attraction and relationships, whatever someone’s exact orientation label.